GLASGOW, Scotland (AP) 鈥� China and the United States have pledged to increase cooperation on climate action at U.N. talks in Glasgow, China's climate envoy said Wednesday.
As the talks approached a Friday deadline, Xie Zhenhua told reporters that the two biggest carbon polluters would outline their efforts in a joint statement based on the guidelines of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change.
The agreement calls for 鈥渃oncrete and pragmatic鈥欌�� regulations in decarbonization, reducing methane emissions and fighting deforestation, Xie said.
鈥淏oth sides recognize that there is a gap between the current effort and the Paris agreement,鈥� he said. 鈥淪o we will jointly strengthen climate action and cooperation with respect to our respective national situations."
U.S. climate envoy John Kerry was expected to speak to reporters later Wednesday.
The announcement came as governments from around the world were negotiating in Glasgow about how to build on the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect vulnerable countries from the impacts of global warming.
A draft deal released Wednesday calls for pulling the plug on coal power, the single biggest source of man-made greenhouse gas emissions.
The early version of the final document also expresses 鈥渁larm and concern鈥� about how much Earth has already warmed and urges countries to cut carbon dioxide emissions by about half by 2030. Pledges so far from governments don鈥檛 add up to that frequently stated goal.
Some nations, especially island states whose very existence is threatened by climate change, warned that the draft didn鈥檛 go far enough in requiring action to limit increases in global temperatures or in helping poorer countries to pay for adapting to the warming and for losses from it.
鈥溾�楿rging,鈥� 鈥榗alling,鈥� 鈥榚ncouraging,鈥� and 鈥榠nviting鈥� is not the decisive language that this moment calls for,鈥� Aubrey Webson, Antigua and Barbuda鈥檚 U.N. ambassador, said in a statement.
With time running out in the climate summit, a clear message had to be sent, he added: 鈥淭o our children, and the most vulnerable communities, that we hear you and we are taking this seriously.鈥�
Governments agreed in Paris to jointly reduce emissions enough to keep the global temperature rise 鈥渨ell below鈥� 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) since pre-industrial times, with a more stringent target of trying to keep warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) preferred.
That would require a dramatic reduction in emissions from the burning of coal, oil and gas that remain the world's top source of energy despite the growth of renewables like wind and solar power. But setting deadlines for phasing out fossil fuels is highly sensitive to countries that still depend on them for economic growth, including China and , and to major exporters of coal such as Australia. The future of coal is also a hot-button issue in the United States, where a spat among Democrats one of President Joe Biden鈥檚 signature climate bills.
The draft calls for accelerating 鈥渢he phasing out of coal and subsidies for fossil fuels,鈥� though it sets no timeline.
Greenpeace International director Jennifer Morgan, a long-time climate talks observer, said that the call in the draft to phase out coal and subsidies for fossil fuels would be a first in a U.N. climate deal, but the lack of a timeline would limit the pledge's effectiveness.
鈥淭his isn鈥檛 the plan to solve the climate emergency. This won鈥檛 give the kids on the streets the confidence that they鈥檒l need,鈥� Morgan said.
European Union climate chief Frans Timmermans was more upbeat about the negotiations.
鈥淐onsider my sleeves rolled. We鈥檙e ready and willing to make sure we deliver on the highest possible levels of ambition, leading to prompt global action,鈥� he said.
The draft is likely to change, but it doesn鈥檛 yet include full agreements on the three major goals that the U.N. set going into the negotiations: for rich nations to give poorer ones $100 billion a year in climate aid, to ensure that half of that money goes to adapting to worsening global warming, and the pledge to slash global carbon emissions by 2030.
The draft acknowledges 鈥渨ith regret鈥� that rich nations have failed to live up to the climate finance pledge. Currently they are providing around $80 billion a year, which poorer nations that need financial help both in developing green energy systems and adapting to the worst of climate change say isn't enough.
Papua New Guinea Environment Minister Wera Mori said given the lack of financial aid that his country may 鈥渞ethink鈥� efforts to cut logging, coal mining and even coming to the U.N. talks.
The draft says the world should try to achieve 鈥渘et-zero (emissions) around mid-century," a target that was endorsed by leaders of the Group of 20 biggest economies in a summit just before the Glasgow talks. That means requiring countries to pump only as much greenhouse gas into the atmosphere as through natural or artificial means.
Highlighting the challenge of meeting those goals, the document 鈥渆xpresses alarm and concern that human activities have caused around 1.1 C (2 F) of global warming to date and that impacts are already being felt in every region.鈥�
Separate draft proposals were also released on other issues being debated at the talks, including rules for international carbon markets and the frequency by which countries have to report on their efforts.
The draft calls on countries that don鈥檛 have national goals that are in line with the 1.5- or 2-degree limits to come back with stronger targets next year. Depending on how the language is interpreted, the provision could apply to most countries.
鈥淭his is crucial language,鈥欌�� World Resources Institute International Climate Initiative Director David Waskow said Wednesday. 鈥淐ountries really are expected and are on the hook to do something in that timeframe to adjust.鈥欌��
In a nod to one of the big issues for poorer countries, the draft vaguely 鈥渦rges鈥� developed nations to compensate developing countries for 鈥渓oss and damage,鈥� a phrase that some rich nations don't like. But there are no concrete financial commitments.
As the talks enter their final stage, Britain's Alok Sharma, who is chairing the negotiations, acknowledged that 鈥渟ignificant issues remain unresolved.鈥�
鈥淢y big, big ask of all of you is to please come armed with the currency of compromise,鈥� he told negotiators as they prepared for another long night of talks. 鈥淲hat we agree in Glasgow will set the future for our children and grandchildren, and I know that we will not want to fail them."
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Associated Press journalists Ellen Knickmeyer and Helena Alves contributed to this report.
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Seth Borenstein, Aniruddha Ghosal And Frank Jordans, The Associated Press
