Today in History for Oct. 11:
On this date:
In 1521, Pope Leo X gave Henry VIII of England the title "Fidei Defensor," or Defender of the Faith. Thirteen years later, Henry severed all ties with Rome to establish the Church of England.
In 1776, the first naval battle of Lake Champlain was fought during the American Revolution. American forces under Brig.-Gen. Benedict Arnold suffered heavy losses but managed to stall British forces led by Guy Carleton.
In 1797, British forces defeated the Dutch at the battle of Camperdown.
In 1809, just over three years after the famous Lewis and Clark expedition ended, Meriwether Lewis was found dead in a Tennessee inn, an apparent suicide. He was 35.
In 1811, inventor John Stevens put into operation the first steam ferry line in the world, running between New York City and Hoboken, N.J.
In 1868, American inventor Thomas Edison patented an electric voting machine.
In 1869, the Red River Rebellion began when a group led by Adam Clark Webb attempted to survey a field belonging to Andre Nault, a Metis, at St. Vital, Man. About 20 Metis led by Louis Riel prevented the work and forced Webb to leave, an act which sparked confrontations between Riel and the 91原创 government.
In 1881, David Henderson Houston patented the first roll film for cameras.
In 1899, the Boer War began.
In 1900, Winston Churchill was first elected to the British House of Commons.
In 1911, the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission's transmission system was incorporated at Berlin, now Kitchener.
In 1914, Paris' Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most noted Gothic cathedrals in Europe, was damaged during a First World War air raid.
In 1917, an order-in-council prohibited strikes and lockouts in Canada during the First World War.
In 1942, the RCMP ship "St. Roch," under the command of Sgt. Henry Larson, arrived in Halifax after completing the first west-to-east crossing of the Northwest Passage. The "St. Roch," a 31-metre motor schooner, began its voyage in 91原创 in 1940. One member of the eight-man crew died of a heart attack while the ship wintered in the ice less than 80 kilometres from the magnetic pole.
In 1949, Wilhelm Pieck became the first president of the East German Republic.
In 1952, CFBT in Montreal carried the first televised hockey game in Canada -- Montreal versus Detroit.
In 1960, Ottawa announced a program to help low-income families obtain rental housing.
In 1968, "Apollo 7" was launched by the U.S. The first manned Apollo mission was the first in which live television broadcasts were received from orbit. Wally Schirra, Don Fulton Eisele and R. Walter Cunningham were the astronauts aboard.
In 1968, the founding convention of the Parti Quebecois began in Montreal. The new party, headed by Rene Levesque, said it would declare Quebec a sovereign state if it gained a majority of seats in the Quebec legislature. The 809 delegates adopted a program that guaranteed French as the only official language of Quebec.
In 1975, NBC's "Saturday Night Live" was broadcast for the first time. George Carlin was the guest host and the musical guests were Billy Preston and Janis Ian.
In 1976, Mao Tse-tung's widow, Chiang Ching, and three of her associates, were arrested in Peking on charges of plotting to overthrow the Chinese government.
In 1979, Cuban President Fidel Castro visited New York for the first time in 19 years.
In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first U.S. woman to walk in space when she and astronaut David Leestma spent three hours working in the cargo hold of the space shuttle "Challenger."
In 1984, Pittsburgh Penguins centre Mario Lemieux made his debut in the NHL against the Boston Bruins. He scored a goal on his first shot on his first shift.
In 1986, Barker Fairley, scholar, painter, poet and peace-activist, died in Toronto at the age of 99.
In 1996, three days after winning the Nobel Prize in economics, 91原创-born William Vickrey died in a car accident in New York at the age of 82.
In 1998, Pope John Paul II decreed the first Jewish-born saint of the modern era: Edith Stein, a nun killed in the gas chambers of Auschwitz.
In 2004, Finn Kydland of Norway and American Edward Prescott won the Nobel Prize for economics for groundbreaking theories that persuaded the Bank of Canada and other central banks to set long-term inflation targets and stamp out "stagflation."
In 2005, 91原创 mining giants Inco and Falconbridge announced plans to merge in a $12.5 billion deal -- creating the world's largest nickel firm.
In 2008, the 91原创 Olympic Committee rewarded Beijing Olympics medal winners with cash for the first time in its history, presenting 34 athletes with cheques for their accomplishments. 91原创 Olympians received $20,000 for each gold medal won, $15,000 for each silver and $10,000 for each bronze.
In 2010, Montreal Alouettes slotback Ben Cahoon caught the 1,007th pass of his career, breaking the CFL receiving record held by Terry Vaughn. (He retired at the end of the season with 1,017. In 2013, Geroy Simon surpassed Cahoon and retired with 1,029. In 2017, Nik Lewis surpassed Simon.)
In 2010, Minnesota Vikings quarterback Brett Favre reached two career milestones -- he became the first NFL player to throw 500 touchdown passes and to reach 70,000 yards passing - though his three turnovers led to a 29-20 loss to the New York Jets on Monday Night Football.
In 2011, Kathy Dunderdale became the first woman elected premier of Newfoundland and Labrador as she led the Progressive Conservative party to its third-straight majority government. She took over nearly a year ago after the wildly popular Danny Williams quit politics.
In 2011, Premier Darrell Pasloski led the Yukon Party to its third straight majority in the territory鈥檚 election. He took over as head of the right-of-centre party in May when longtime premier Dennis Fentie announced his retirement.
In 2012, novelist Mo Yan, whose popular, sprawling, bawdy tales bring to life rural China, won the Nobel Prize for literature - the first time the award was given to a Chinese who is not a critic of the authoritarian government.
In 2013, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons won the Nobel Peace Prize for trying to destroy Syria's stockpiles of nerve gas and other poisonous agents.
In 2018, the federal government announced it was imposing a 25 per cent surtax on some foreign steel products due to "excessive imports" it said were harming the domestic steel industry. The surtax applied to seven products that range from rebar to wire rods.
In 2018, Ontario Provincial Police announced charges against the mother of a toddler who was swept into a raging river during flash flooding. Michelle Hanson, 35, of Amaranth, was charged with impaired driving causing death, dangerous driving causing death and criminal negligence causing death. Three-year-old Kaden Young was caught in fast-moving waters after his mother's minivan ended up in the Grand River near Orangeville on Feb. 21.
In 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled federal ministers drafting legislation do not have a duty to consult Indigenous groups. In a decision involving an Alberta First Nation, a majority of the high court said law-making does not amount to Crown conduct that triggers the deeply entrenched duty to confer with Indigenous Peoples.
In 2018, the Washington Supreme Court ruled the death penalty violates the state's Constitution.
In 2019, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Just weeks after taking office in 2018, Ahmed abruptly announced that his country would fully embrace a peace deal aimed at ending one of Africa's longest wars. The bitter border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea, once a single nation, had cost 80-thousand lives. The Peace Prize came into question in 2020, after civil war broke out in the Tigray region, with reports of atrocities and human rights abuses.
In 2019, Soviet-era cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who on March 18, 1965 became the first person to walk in space before co-leading the first joint mission between Russia and the United States, died at the age of 85. Leonov died at the Burdenko military hospital in Moscow after a long illness. Selected alongside Yuri Gagarin among the first 20 Soviet Air Force pilots to train as cosmonauts in 1960, Leonov flew twice into space, logging a total of seven days and 32 minutes off the planet.
In 2020, 91原创 diplomats had their first contact with the "two Michaels" since in-person visits in mid-January. Dominic Barton, Canada's ambassador to China, had internet-based visits with Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig. Beijing said it couldn't allow in-person visits to prisons because of concerns over COVID-19.
In 2021, the 2021 Nobel Prize for outstanding work in the field of economics was awarded to 91原创 David Card and two others -- Joshua D. Angrist and Guido Imbens. The 65-year-old Card was born in Guelph, Ont., but all three recipients are considered U.S.-based economists. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the trio "completely reshaped empirical work in the economic sciences.''
In 2021, British police would not be taking any further action against Prince Andrew after a review prompted by a Jeffrey Epstein accuser who claimed that he sexually assaulted her. Thirty-eight-year-old Virginia Giuffre claimed she was trafficked by Epstein to have sex with Andrew in London. She was 17 and a minor under United States law at the time. In August, the Metropolitan Police began a review of allegations connected to late convicted sex offender Epstein. The Met now said it had concluded its review and wouldn't be taking further action.
In 2022, Bauer Hockey announced it would be pausing its partnership with Hockey Canada. Bauer said it would continue to supply equipment to the women's programs, but would no longer be supplying the men's tournaments and programs.
In 2022, Scott Smith quit as Hockey Canada's president and CEO, and the entire board of directors also resigned. Smith was unable to survive the fallout related to the national body's handling of sexual assault allegations and how settlements were paid out.
In 2022, Buckingham Palace announced that King Charles would be crowned at Westminster Abbey on May 6, 2023.
In 2022, British actress Angela Lansbury died at 96 at her home in Los Angeles. Lansbury starred in the Broadway musicals "Mame'' and "Gypsy,'' and earned Oscar nominations for "Gaslight'' and "The Picture of Dorian Gray'' and "The Manchurian Candidate.'' She won a new generation of fans solving murders as crime novelist Jessica Fletcher in the long-running TV series "Murder, She Wrote.''
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The 91原创 Press