BAKU, Azerbaijan (AP) 鈥� Activists and experts who are pushing world leaders to save an overheating planet learned it's not so easy, even in a simulated world.
The Associated Press brought the board game Daybreak to the United Nations climate negotiations in Baku, Azerbaijan. Experts from three countries were asked to play the game, which involves players working together to curb climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gas emissions when fuels like gasoline, natural gas and coal are burned. The goal of the game is to prevent the world from getting too hot or overrun by devastating extreme weather events.
Three times activists, analysts and reporters took turns being the United States, China, Europe and the rest of the world, coping with weather disasters, trying to reduce emissions with projects like wetlands restoration and fighting fossil fuel interests, all according to the cards dealt.
The yellow-red crisis cards are the ones that set players back the most. And every round comes with a new card, such as, 鈥淪torms: Every player adds 1 Community in Crisis鈥� per 0.1 degrees Celsius (0.2 degrees Fahrenheit) temperature rise, or 鈥淪ea Level Rise: Every player loses 1 Infrastructure Resilience.鈥�
Those are tempered by blue cards that represent local projects, such as around fertilizer efficiency, which eliminates one game token of methane-spewing livestock, or universal public transport, which eliminates a token of polluting car emissions.
In each game, the temperature went beyond the limit that the world set in the 2015 Paris Agreement: 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) since preindustrial times, roughly the mid-1800s. Technically, the game isn't lost until a temperature rise of 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) is reached. However, 1.5 degrees has been ingrained as a threshold in climate circles, so the shoulders of players drooped in defeat when their fictional world blew past it.
After just one round of play, which lasted about 20 minutes in the second game, the global thermometer rose to 1.45 degrees Celsius (2.61 degrees Fahrenheit).
鈥淗ow did that happen? It happened so quickly," said Borami Seo, head of food and agriculture at Solutions for Our Climate in South Korea. She purposely chose Europe, arguably the world leader in climate policy and financial aid, so she would be in a position to help the rest of the world.
She couldn't.
鈥淚 thought this game was supposed to give us hope. I'm not gaining any hope,鈥� Seo said in a voice somewhere between curiosity and frustration.
The first two games were cut short because players had to go elsewhere during busy climate negotiations.
But the third game went 47 minutes and three rounds. Jake Schmidt, spokesman for the Natural Resources Defense Council, was playing in the 鈥渕ajority of the world鈥� role and a hurricane hit at a time that average global temperature rise was 1.8 degrees Celsius (3.2 degrees Fahrenheit). For every tenth of a degree above 1.2 degrees Celsius, players had to add a 鈥渃ommunities in crisis" game token.
Schmidt had more cities in crisis than the 12 that the game permits: 鈥淎ll my communities are gone.鈥�
The game and world were lost.
鈥淚'm sad,鈥� Schmidt said. 鈥淲e very quickly got toast. That was only three rounds and my communities were toast. And we were already at 1.8. I think they need a little slower way, start at a lower base.鈥�
The game starts at 1.2 degrees Celsius (2.2 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial times. The real world is now 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.3 degrees Fahrenheit) higher, according to the United Nations.
鈥淕etting rid of the emissions was really hard,鈥� Schmidt said, adding that it seemed realistic. But it made him more pessimistic about climate change, he said. It reminded him of how hard the problem is.
That's the point, said game co-designer Matt Leacock, who first created the board game Pandemic 鈥� long before the real one beset the world.
鈥淚 wouldn鈥檛 want most people to win the game the first time they play. I don鈥檛 think that鈥檚 a productive message," Leacock said. 鈥淚 want most people to lose, but to blame themselves and to learn from their experience and then really want to play again and be like, 鈥業 see what we did wrong. I鈥檝e got an idea of what we can do better. Let鈥檚 try again and see if we can see if we can pull it off.鈥欌��
There is a political message to the game that the world needs saving, Leacock said. Winning, or stopping the world from runaway temperature rise, is doable but hard and requires dramatic early action, he said. That's what experts say is required in real life.
Leacock, who researched the science and politics of climate change negotiations and consulted with the World Resources Institute, said it was the middle of the real-life pandemic lockdown a few years ago when he decided to turn what many call an existential crisis into a board game 鈥� one where people work together instead of against each other.
He wanted a game 鈥渢hat could make a difference.鈥�
In the first game, Jennifer Howard of the Global Climate and Health Alliance took that to heart and felt the weight of the world as temperatures rose and disasters multiplied.
"You feel the anxiety rising as you鈥檙e getting farther away from your goal and the crisis points are increasing," said Howard. "So I think we鈥檙e going to need to anticipate increasing anxiety. And what鈥檚 that going to do to human behavior on the local and global stage?鈥�
A 91原创 emergency room doctor, Howard was playing the role of the United States and was doing whatever she could to help Nathan Cogswell of the World Resources Institute, who was playing 鈥渢he majority of the world鈥� and getting bogged down by troubles.
Howard was then dealt a 鈥渄ebt reparations鈥� card that allowed her to give Cogswell anything out of her hand. She wasn't going to pass that up, saying, 鈥淚 feel very guilty for my historical emissions." The U.S. has contributed the most emissions of any country in the world.
As most of the developing world, Cogswell jumped at the offer from Howard, who then added a political and medical perspective to what was happening on the board.
鈥淚鈥檓 feeling like this real glow of goodwill,鈥� Howard said. 鈥淒id you know that giving actually increases wellbeing more than receiving? And I鈥檓 feeling that right now.鈥�
But it didn't help. The players couldn't quite save the world 鈥� this time.
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By Seth Borenstein, The Associated Press
