If you consider a trip the typical 91原创 family might have taken over the holiday season, you glimpse all the ways 91原创 governments make travel more expensive.
After getting your kids out of bed early one morning, the taxi that your family takes to the airport is pricey. That鈥檚 because cities across Canada limit the number of cabs. Over two decades, many cities barely increased the number of taxi licences.
As a result, that鈥檚 great for taxi companies, but it鈥檚 not good for travellers, who must pay inflated cab fares. Nor, for that matter, is it positive for immigrant workers, who see only a small chunk of the fare, in part because their employment and entrepreneurial options are held hostage to the quasi-monopolistic companies that exist courtesy of city governments.
The 91原创 approach is in contrast to the trend noted in a 2007 OECD report, whereby increasing numbers of OECD countries have removed or loosened supply restrictions on taxis. The OECD noted such reforms have been strongly positive, with observed benefits including 鈥渞educed waiting times, increased consumer satisfaction and, in many cases, falling prices.鈥�
That is only one example of how consumers face higher travel costs due to government policy.
The family鈥檚 plane tickets were costly, courtesy of how the federal government favours so-called domestic airlines, a policy that restricts competition and boosts the cost of air travel.
In Canada, foreign airlines cannot pick up and drop off passengers solely within Canada. (Only domestic airlines can do that.)
For example, some French carrier can pick up passengers in 91原创 and Toronto and fly them on to Paris. What that carrier cannot do is pick up a passenger in 91原创 and drop her off in Toronto, to fill an empty seat on that leg of the trip. If the French airline could, that would add extra competition on that route and also lower prices.
The European Union first opened up its air travel market to competition in 1992, with full liberalization as of 1997. Ever since, carriers can pick up and drop off passengers anywhere, regardless of home country.
The result is that 鈥減rices have fallen dramatically, in particular on the most popular routes,鈥� notes the European Commission on Mobility and Transport, the agency that oversees transportation in the European Union.
Lower prices are only part of the benefit. In Europe, even less popular routes, the ones between smaller cities, benefit from the EU鈥檚 open skies policy. Between 1992 and 2009, the number of cities served with more than two competitors increased by 310 per cent.
鈥淓uropean policy has profoundly transformed the air transport industry,鈥� brags the European Commission. 鈥淐onsumers, airlines, airports and employees have all benefited, as this policy has led to more activity, new routes and airports, greater choice, low prices and an increased overall quality of service.鈥�
Beyond the taxi and airline markets, consider one last restrictive government policy in Canada that will affect your vacation: restrictions on the value of goods that you can bring back into Canada before you must pay taxes and duties.
Back in June, the federal government upped, finally, the value of goods 91原创s can bring back into Canada. The upper limit is now $800 worth of goods after seven days outside the country. However, that exemption still doesn鈥檛 apply to beer, wine and spirits.
Returning travellers can only bring back two bottles of wine, or 24 cans of beer, or one bottle of the hard stuff.
That restriction, no doubt, is to protect government liquor stores in many provinces and provincial government revenues in general. But along with municipal restrictions on the number of taxis, and federal anti-competition policy on airlines, it is just another way 91原创 governments make our holidays more expensive.
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Mark Milke is a senior fellow with the Fraser Institute.
